Plasma Exchange-Responsive Bulbar Dysfunction in Thymoma-Associated Myasthenia Gravis with Concomitant Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome.
The coexistence of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is rare, and no established therapeutic strategy exists for this condition. We herein report a case of MG-LEMS overlap syndrome (MLOS) in which plasma exchange (PE) effectively treated severe bu…
Unmet needs in autoimmune liver disease: epidemiology and clinical outcomes from a Southeast Asian cohort.
The burden of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) is rising globally, yet data on its epidemiology and outcomes in Singapore remain limited. We aimed to characterise disease phenotype, treatment response and clinical outcomes among patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (P…
Wernicke's encephalopathy in mixed connective tissue disease triggered by persistent vomiting: a case report and literature review.
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is an acute, reversible but potentially disabling neurological syndrome caused by thiamine deficiency. It is increasingly recognized in non-alcoholic settings, particularly when persistent vomiting, poor intake, malabsorption, or systemic illness rapidly depletes limit…
Scleroderma Renal Crisis in Mixed Connective Tissue Disease.
Scleroderma renal crisis is a serious vascular complication most commonly associated with systemic sclerosis. Its occurrence in mixed connective tissue disease is very rare, with 10 cases reported to date. Scleroderma renal crisis pathogenesis involves endothelial injury, intimal proliferation, and…
Raynaud's phenomenon: a vascular or an autoimmune-mediated disorder? Facts and fancy.
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common vasospastic disorder characterized by transient digital ischemia triggered by cold exposure or emotional stress. It is classified as primary or secondary, the latter often associated with autoimmune connective tissue diseases such as systemic sclerosis, mixed co…
Anti-centromere antibody positivity: a spectrum of clinical diagnoses and immunological patterns in a large patient cohort.
Anti-centromere antibody (ACA) positivity is recognized in diverse autoimmune diseases beyond systemic sclerosis (SSc). This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the clinical spectrum and serological profiles of ACA-positive (anti-CENP-B-positive) patients in a large cohort. This retrospectiv…
Spatial transcriptomics reveals mechanism of autoimmunity driven by internalised autoantibodies.
Autoantibody internalisation has been implicated in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, yet its mechanisms and generalisability across diseases, cell types, and tissues remain poorly defined. We sought to address these gaps. Bulk RNA sequencing was performed on 814 muscle biopsies from patients with au…