Acupuncture as an Adjuvant Therapy for Tethered Cord Syndrome: A Case Report.
Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is defined as a diverse clinical condition wherein excessive tension on the spinal cord produces a variety of symptoms and signs. Its clinical symptoms include motor deficits, deformities of the lower extremities, lower leg sensory deficits, pain in the lower extremities…
Co-existing limited dorsal myeloschisis, spinal dermal sinus tract, and dermoid cyst in a 3-month-old female infant: Illustrative case.
Limited dorsal myeloschisis (LDM) and spinal dermal sinus tracts (DST) are rare forms of closed spinal dysraphism that are usually considered distinct entities, and their coexistence with a dermoid cyst is exceptionally uncommon. We describe a 3-month-old female infant with a congenital lumbosacral…
Diagnostic overshadowing in primary progressive multiple sclerosis with coexisting tethered cord syndrome and long-standing urological dysfunction: a case report and literature review.
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) may be diagnostically challenging when coexisting structural spinal abnormalities produce overlapping neurological and urinary manifestations. Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and PPMS can both present with progressive myelopathy and lower urinary tract symp…
Invasive Spinal Neuromodulation for Chronic Pain in Pediatric Patients: A Scoping Review.
Chronic pain affects up to 21% of pediatric patients and significantly impairs function and quality of life. Although spinal neuromodulation, including spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S), has demonstrated efficacy in adults, evidence in children remains limite…
A 17 Year Old With Developmental Delay Presenting With Increasing Confusion and Imbalance.
Methylmalonic acidemia is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder primarily caused by defects in methylmalonyl-CoA mutase and cobalamin (vitamin B12) metabolism. These defects disrupt the tricarboxylic acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to the abnormal accumulation of metabolic produc…
Dorsal midline ectopic mammary tissue as a cutaneous marker of spinal dysraphism: intradural lipoma and tethered cord in a child with literature review.
Supernumerary breasts (polymastia) and supernumerary nipples (polythelia) are congenital anomalies resulting from incomplete regression of the embryonic mammary ridge. They most frequently occur along the embryologic milk line extending from the axilla to the groin. Ectopic localization outside this…
Microsurgical Resection of an Inclusion Cyst in a Fetal Myeloschisis Patient: A Surgical Anatomy and Technical Note.
Inclusion cysts (ICs) are a recognized sequela of myeloschisis closure, particularly in patients who undergo in utero repair. These lesions and their management present a unique challenge in the context of tethered cord surgery. Early detection and appropriate surgical management are essential for r…