White matter microstructural abnormalities in neurological poste-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease: Imaging signatures consistent with persistent neuroinflammation.
Essential workers, many of whom were infected with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) at work before vaccination, developed Neurological Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (N-PASC) at high rates. To characterize white matter abnormalities associated with N-PASC and to examine correlates of symptomatology,…
Prior SGLT2 Inhibitor and Metformin Use and Risk of Long COVID in Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at increased risk of post-acute sequelae after COVID-19 (PASC). Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and metformin may have systemic benefits beyond glycemic control. We evaluated the impact of prior SGLT2i and metformin use on the risk…
Aging in Behçet's syndrome: an overlooked risk for late-life cognitive impairment.
Behçet's syndrome (BS) is a chronic multisystemic inflammatory disorder with a heterogeneous clinical course. A severe subset with central nervous system involvement (neuro-Behçet's syndrome, NBS) carries substantial morbidity. While disease activity often decreases with age, the long-term…
Early-life gastrointestinal inflammation and the developing brain: Unravelling the pathways to long-term cognitive dysfunction.
The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a complex, bidirectional communication network critical to integrating central nervous system functions with gastrointestinal (GI) health. This review examines how disruptions to the GBA during the critical early-life developmental window - a period of rapid neurogenesis…
Transient focal neurological episodes in hereditary transthyretin-related amyloidosis treated with liver transplantation: electroencephalographic insights and clinical features.
Hereditary transthyretin-related (ATTRv) amyloidosis may involve the central nervous system (CNS) years after liver transplantation, causing transient focal neurological episodes (TFNEs). Their mechanisms and electrophysiological correlates remain unclear. We retrospectively analyzed 155 patients wi…
Cervical Sympathetic Block as a Modulator of Secondary Injury Mechanisms in Traumatic Brain Injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) follows a biphasic clinical course in which an initial mechanical insult is followed by a prolonged secondary injury cascade that drives ongoing neurological deterioration. Secondary injury processes include neuroinflammation, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, mitoch…
Beyond brain fog: viral proteins as convergent drivers of neuroinflammation and proteinopathy.
Post-viral neurological syndromes, such as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19, present a paradox of severe symptoms despite minimal CNS viral replication. The 'protein-as-pathogen' model, where shed viral proteins act as soluble neurotoxins, is now central to understanding this phenomenon. This review…
Clinical Symptoms of Jugular Venous Outflow Obstruction and Their Modification After Targeted Surgical Treatment.
Cerebral venous outflow disorders (CVD) are conditions characterized by impairment of cerebral venous drainage. Associated symptoms have been poorly defined, as no standardized diagnostic criteria exist for this class of conditions; most studies to date have attempted to report on symptoms solely ba…